Preheat oven to 350°F. Spread the cabbage into a baking dish or pans. In a skillet, cook ground beef with chopped onion over medium heat until browned.

Drain excess grease and add uncooked rice, chili powder, garlic powder, salt, and pepper to the skillet. Mix in crushed tomatoes and spread the mixture over the cabbage layers in the dish.

Combine tomato sauce, sugar, and vinegar in a bowl. Pour over the casserole, cover with foil, and bake for 90 minutes. Remove foil and let rest for 5-10 minutes before serving.